A. Look at sentences 1-10 and decide if the explanation which follows each one is true or false. Use the words and expressions in bold to help you decide.
1. During the exam, a pencil and eraser are required.
The people organising the exam will provide you with a pencil and an eraser.
2. Parents can be made liable (adj-có nghĩa vụ về pháp lý) for their children’s debts.
Parents may be legally (adv-hợp pháp) responsible for the money their children owe.
3. He was obliged to (v-biết ơn) pay back the money that he had won.
He had the choice whether or not to pay back the money that he had won.
4. Students doing holiday jobs are exempt (v,adj-được miễn) from paying income tax.
Students doing holiday jobs pay a smaller amount of income tax than other people.
5. The United Nations voted to impose (v-áp đặt) mandatory sanctions (n-phê chuẩn) on the country.
The United Nations imposed legally-binding sanctions which had to be obeyed by everyone, without
exception.
6. The doctors forced him to stop smoking.
The doctors asked him to stop smoking.
7. It was an emergency and she pressed the red button; there was no alternative.
There was nothing else she could do; she had to set off the alarm by pressing the red button.
8. Classes on Wednesday afternoons are optional.
It is necessary to attend classes on Wednesday afternoons.
9. It is compulsory (adj-bắt buộc) to wear a crash helmet on a motorcycle.
It is your choice whether or not to wear a crash helmet when you ride a motorcycle.
10. The museum is asking visitors for a voluntary (adj-tình nguyện) donation of £2.
You don’t need to pay £2 to visit the museum.
B. Complete these sentences with an appropriate word or expression from the exercise
above. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible.
1. Visitors to the country are ________ to declare (v-khai báo, tuyên bố) any excess (n-vượt quá) tobacco or alcohol imports to the customs officer.
2. I’m afraid I have __________ but to resign (v-từ chức, từ bỏ) from the committee.
3. If you are caught speeding (n-vi phạm tốc độ), you will be _________ the payment of the fine.
4. Attendance at all classes is _________ , otherwise you may not get a certificate at the end of the course.
5. Many retired people do ________ work in their local community.
6. In some countries, there is a _________ death sentence for all drug traffickers (n-người buôn bất hợp pháp).
7. For visitors to Britain from outside the European Union, a visa may be ________ .
8. He said he was innocent (adj-vô tội), but the police ________ him to confess (v-thú nhận).
9. Most new cars come with _________ air-conditioning.
10. Children’s clothes are ______ from VAT.
Don’t forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
Answers:
A.
1. False (you must take your own pencil and eraser) 2. True 3. False (he had to pay the money back) 4. False (they don’t have to pay any income tax at all) 5. True 6. False (the doctors made him stop smoking) 7. True 8. False (you can attend the classes if you want to) 9. False (you must wear a crash helmet. We can also use the word obligatory) 10. True
B.
1. obliged / required 2. no alternative 3. liable for 4. compulsory 5. voluntary 6. mandatory 7. required 8. forced 9. optional 10. exempt
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