9. Simple Future
S + WILL/SHALL + Verb (B.I)
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next month/week/year
Two days later

a. Will is normally known as the predictive future, and describes known facts, or what we supposes true.
   _ I’ll see you tomorrow.  
   _ I'll be late home this evening.
   _ The company will make a profit next year.
This can also take the form of an assumption.
   _ That'll be Jim at the door. (This means that I suppose it is Jim.)
Will is also used to express an immediate decision.
   _ I'll take this one.

Be going to describes intentions or plans. At the moment of speaking the plans have already been made.
   _ I'm going to wait here until Carol gets back.
Going to is also used to describe an event whose cause is present or evident.
   _ Look at that tree! It's going to fall.
Compare the following with the examples in the first bullet point:
   _ I'm going to be late this evening. I've got lots of paperwork to finish off.
   _ The figures are good. I can see the company is going to make a profit this year.
Decisions expressed with going to refer to a more distant point in the future.

10. Future continuous
This describes an event which will be happening at a future point.
   _ Come round in the morning. I'll be painting in the kitchen.

It can also describe events which are going to happen anyway, rather than events which we choose to make happen.
   _ / won't bother to fix a time to see you, because I'll be calling into the office anyway several times next week.

In some contexts future continuous also sounds more polite than will.
   _ Will you be going to the shops later? If you go, could you get me some milk?

It can also be used to refer to fixed arrangements and plans.
   _ The band will be performing live in Paris this summer.

11. Past Future
S + Would/Should + Verb (B.I)

12. Future Perfect
This has both simple and continuous forms, and refers to time which we look back at from a future point.
   _ In two year's time I'll have finished the book.
   _ By the end of the month, I'll have been working for this firm for a year.

It can also be used to express an assumption on the part of the speaker.
   _ You won't have heard the news, of course. (This means that I assume you have not heard the news.)

13. Future Prefect Continuous

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5. Simple Past
S + Verb (ed or 2nd)
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Last week/month/year
Two days ago 

Past simple generally refers to:

Completed actions

   _ She met us at 9 o’clock last night.
   _ They lived here in 1989.
   _ We saw our grandparents three days ago.

Habits

   _ Every day I went to the park.

States

   _ In those days, I didn't like reading.

6. Past Continuous

Past continuous (progressive) generally refers to:

Actions in progress (often interrupted by events)

   _ / was drinking my coffee at the time.

   _ While I was opening the letter, the phone rang.

Background description in narrative

   _ / entered the office and looked around. Most people were working at their desks, but Jane was staring out of the window and pretending to write something at the same time.

Changing states

   _ The car was getting worse all the time. One of the headlights was gradually falling off, and the engine was making more and more funny noises.

Repeated actions - criticism

With a frequency adverb, this use is similar to the use of present continuous to express annoyance.

   _ When Jane was at school, she was always losing things.

7. Past Perfect
S + HAVE/HAS + Past Participle (V-ed or irregular)

We use the past perfect when we are already talking about the past, and we want to go back to an earlier past time ('double past').

   _ By the time I got to the station, the train had left.

Compare this with:

   _ The train left five minutes before I got to the station.

When we talk about a sequence of past events in the order that they happened, we more commonly use the past simple, especially with quick, short actions.

8. Past Perfect Continuous (progressive)

The same contrasts between past simple and past continuous (see previous section) can be made in past perfect verb forms for events further back in the past.

   _ I had been living in a bed-sitter up to then.

   _ While I had been talking on the phone, Jimmy had escaped.

   _ The whole place was deserted, but it was obvious that someone had been living there. They'd been cooking in the kitchen for a start, and they hadn't bothered to clear up the mess.

Past perfect is also common in reported speech.

Past perfect is not used simply to describe an event in the distant past.

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Present Perfect Continuous
S + have/has + been + V-ing

Chi viec da bat dau va keo dai o thoi diem hien tai = recently, lately/vua moi day
a. Already started and lasting till now
   _ He’s been working for this company for three months
   _ We’ve been working with each other since high school.
   _ She’s been learning English for 6 months.

b. Completed (+lasting) with lately/recently
   _ He’s been making some money recently
   _ He’s been going to this school lately.
   _ My cousin Tom has been working for this company recently.

Contrasts with present perfect simple
There may be little contrast when some state verbs are used.
   _ How long have you lived here?
   _ How long have you been living here?
Some verbs (especially sit, lie, wait and stay) prefer the continuous form.
There may be a contrast between completion and incompletion, especially if the number of items completed is mentioned.
Completed: emphasis on achievement
   _ I've ironed five shirts this morning.
Incomplete, or recently completed: emphasis on duration
   _ I've been ironing my shirts this morning.

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Present Perfect
S + HAVE/HAS + Past Participle (V-ed or irregular)

+ Already started action
   _ I have studied for 3 months
   _ Mary has been with us for 6 months.
   _ The teacher has taught English since 1989.
   _ The teacher has taught us since he graduated from the university.
(without a definite time given. The recentness may be indicated by just)
+ Already completed action
   _ I have traveled to Ha Noi once
   _ I have seen John.
   _ He’s graduated from high school.
(which happened at an unknown time in the past. No definite time is given)

Time expressions with present perfect:
G1: just, ever, never, already
G2: yet, up to now, until now, till now, up to the present, so far
G3: once before, twice before, three times, several times before
G4: for + a period of time, since + a point of time

a. Experience: (co bao gio chua?)
Have you ever ……… (before)?

b. Accomplishment: ( …. Xong chua?)
Have you ……. Yet?

c. How long: (bao lau roi? từ trước đến giờ)
How long have you …….?

d. How many times: (….. may lan roi? từ trước đến giờ)
How many times have you …. ?

Choice between past simple and present perfect for recent events may depend on the attitude of the  speaker. This in turn may depend on whether the speaker feels distant in time or place from the event.
   _ I've left my wallet in the car. I'm going back to get it.
Here the speaker may be about to return, and feels that the event is connected with the present.
   _ I left my wallet in the car. I'm going back to get it.
The speaker may feel separated in time from the event, or be further away.

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1. Simple Present
a. General Fact:
   _ The sun rises in the East
   _ Tom is a student
   _ They speak English very well 

   _ Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
b. Habits:
   _ I usually go to the church on Sunday
   _ It often rains in June 

   _ British people drink a lot of tea.
c. Hobbies: 

   _ I like swimming
   _ John’s hobby is reading books.
   _ Don’t you like music?
c. Purpose: They exercise in order to keep fit body
   _ They exercise in order to lose weight.
   _ He studies English to go overseas.

2. Present Continuous
S + AM/ARE/IS + Present Participle (V+ing)

a. Lasting actions at the moment of speaking at the present time/righ now, now, at present, at the moment.
   _ We’re living with Mark
   _ We’re studying in class.
   _ She’s writing her lesson now.

b. Action in progress at the present time/this month, this year, this week
   _ Mark’s taking his final examination this week.
   _ My father is working at two jobs this month.
   _ He’s dating 2 girls this year.
   _ Our class is meeting 6 times this week.
   _ The dog is sleeping on our bed!

State verbs and event (action or dynamic) verbs:
+ State verbs describe a continuing state, so do not usually have a continuous form. Typical examples are:
   believe, belong, consist, contain, doubt, fit, have, know, like, love, matter, mean,
   need, own, prefer, seem, suppose, suspect, understand, want, wish
+ Some verbs have a stative meaning and a different active meaning. Typical examples are:
   be, depend, feel, have, measure, see, taste, think, weigh

Compare these uses:
+ State
Jack is noisy.
Deirdre has a Porsche.
I think I like you!
This fish tastes awful!
I feel that you are wrong.
This bag weighs a ton!
It depends what you mean.
+ Event
Jill's being noisy.
We're having an interesting conversation!
David's thinking about getting a new job.
I'm just tasting the soup.
I'm feeling terrible.
We're weighing the baby.
Bill, I'm depending on you to win this
contract for us.
The differences here apply to all verb forms, not just to present verb forms.

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