Showing posts with label Preposition. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Preposition. Show all posts
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Here is my question:- "I’ve worked as a dog" or "I’ve worked like a dog." What is the difference between as and like?

As and like are used in a number of different ways and can be different parts of speech.

1. 'as' and 'like' - prepositions:

As refers to something or someone's appearance or function. Consider the following examples:

   'Before I became a teacher I worked as a waiter.'
   'I'm going to the fancy dress party as Superman.'
   'The sea can be used as a source of energy.'The expression 'I've been working as a dog' sounds unusual because it suggests that you were doing the work of a dog! 

Like has the meaning 'similar to' and is used when comparing things. Look at these examples:
   'I’ve been working like a dog.'
   'She looks a bit like her brother.'
   'Just like you, I’m always a bit wary of large dogs.'

The expression 'I've been working like a dog' is idiomatic and means that you have been working very hard. Note that we can use adverbs of degree, such as just, very, quite, not much, not at all, a bit, etc, to modify like:
   'He’s very serious – not at all like his father, perhaps more like his mother at times.

2. 'as' and 'like' - conjunctions:
As and like can also be used as conjunctions:
As means 'in the same way that'. Consider the following:
   'I always drink tea without milk, just as they do on the continent.'
   'Try to keep your balance on the tightrope, as I do, by spreading out your fingers like this.'
   'The first ten days of July were very wet this year, as they were last year and the year before.'

In informal English, like is used in the same way. This is particularly common in American English. Consider the following:
   'Nobody else would look after you like I do, baby!'
   'She needs the money, like I do, so she works in a bar in the evenings.'
   'I hope you’re not going to be sick again, like you were when we went to Brighton.

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1. Common patterns
There are many expressions formed by a preposition + noun, and sometimes a preposition is used with a particular (rieng biet, ngoai le) meaning in a number of expressions, so they are very common.

A book by Stephen King
A film by Steven Spielberg
A song by Elton John
You can go for a walk/ for a drive/ for a run/ for a swim
You can travel by car/ by plane/ by bus/ by train/ by ship/ on foot.
I heard it on the radio/ I saw it on TV/ I spoke to her on the phone.
I went in the afternoon.
I'll see you in a moment.
I'm very busy at the moment.
It's very quiet at night.

2. Fixed expressions
Sometimes it is diffucult to know why a particular preposition is used, and you must learn these as fixed expressions.

I took his pen by mistake. (= I thought it was my pen)
I did all the work by myself. (without help from others)
The shoes are made by hand. (= not by machine)
The workers are on strike. (= they refuse to work because of a problem over pay, hours, etc)
I met them by chance. (= it wasn't planned - it was luck)
The children are on holiday. (= they are having a holiday)
He broke the plate by accident. (= he did not want to do it, it was an error/mistake)
He broke the plate on purpose. (he intended to do it)
There are two million out of work. (without a job)
There were at least fifty people at the party. (= a minimum of 50)
I have a day off. (not work today)

3. In time or On time
Sometimes two prepositions can be used with the same noun, but the meaning is different.

Lessons begin at 8.30 and I always arrive on time. (= at 8.30)
Lessons begin at 8.30 and I always get there in time. (= before 8.30, I'm not late)
In the end we went home. (= finally, after a long period)
At the end of book they get married.
The two men are in business. (= they are businessment)
The two men are in Germany on business.
I'll see you in a moment. (= very soon)
I can't speak to you at the moment. (= right now)

Other samples:
I wrote the reports without any help from anyone else. = by myself.
Did you get to the cinema before the film started? = in time.
Thousands of people are without jobs in my town. = out of work.
She's making a phone call. = on the phone.
I saw the advertisement when I was watching TV last night. = on TV
It was a very long journey but finally we got there. = in the end
He gets killed in the last scene of the film. = at the end.
I'm afraid I'm very busy right now. = at the moment.
I saw her yesterday but I didn't plan to see her. = by change.


along with + Noun
   _ Along with accounting, I am also majoring in Business Finance.

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1. Direction (phuong huong): 
From, to, toward

2. Place (noi choi): 
In, at, on, behind, in front of, beside, by, next to, under, above, over, along, around, between, among (bao vay, giua) …

3. Time (thoi gian):
Before, after, till, until, since, for, during, at the beginning of, at the end of, from, to, upon (on), ago.

4. Accompaniment (di chung): 
with, together with, along with
_ Go along with you

5. Concession (nhuong bo):
in spite of, depiste (mac du) + Noun

6. Cause (nguyen do):
Because of, due to, thanks to, owing to + Noun

7. Maner (the cach): 
like, unlike, with, within, without, by

8. Purpose (muc dich): 
To, in order to, so as to (+ verb)

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There are hundreds of different prepositions and prepositional phrases. To learn them all will take years of practice. The best way to learn them well is by reading books, magazines, and newspapers. Listening to the radio helps as well. You can also learn about prepositions in class from a teacher, but it's important to realize that it requires a lot of practice and memorization (ghi nho, hoc thuoc). Some common prepostions are listed below in alphabetical order. I'll add more as I think of them.

1. At, On, In:
At.              /o tai (at a point/place)
    _ He needs to be at work in the afternoon.
On.                 /tren (on a surface)
    _ Look on the table and you'll see the books.
On top of.     /tren mat (on top of the roof)
In.              /o trong (in an area or space)
    _ Now he lives in Minnesota.

2. Opposites:
Above.         /phia tren
     _ Planes fly above the ground
Over.          /qua phia tren (over the fence)
Under          /duoi (under the ground)
Below          /duoi
    _ It was 41 degrees below zero yesterday. (- 41 degrees!)
Beneath.      /phia duoi (beneath the sky)
    _ Get beneath the covers and keep warm tonight.

Note: Over/above are often synonymous, so are under/below, but over and under sometimes suggest movement.
    _ When we flew over Paris we couldn't see much because we were above the clouds.
    _ Below us was the river which ran under the bridge.

In front of:      /phia truoc
    _ The sign in front of the store told him to park in back.
Behind.          /dang sau (behind them)
    _ What's behind the door?

Close to.        /gan
Near.             /gan (near them)
Far from.      /xa (far from the shore) (bo bien)

Up
Down
   _ Let's walk down the street and get some gyros.

Inside.      /ben trong
   _ Is there any food inside the refrigerator?
Outside.   /ben ngoai
   _ The teachers are talking together outside the classroom.

Into
    _ When we walked into the classroom, we met the teacher.
Out of
   _ I saw her get out of the car.

3. Some more common prepostion of place:
Between.    /giua hai (between them and us)
     _ B comes between A and C.
Among.     /giua (among the team) nhieu,
    Meaning 'surrouding, part of or included in":
    _ She wanted to be among friends.
    _ Among his books, we found some rate frist editions.
    Among others and among other things:
    _ Her parents, among others, were worried about her travelling alone.
    _ Among other things, I still have to pack.
Around.      /chung quanh

Along.       /doc theo
    _ I noticed a lot of garbage along the side of the highway.
From.       /tu
     _ Ali moved to Minnesota from Somalia.
To.            /den
Next to.    /ben canh
Beside.     /ben canh
     _ I put the shovel beside the fence.
Across:
      _ We walked across the street to get a slice of pizza.
Across from:
      _ Across the street from the park is a hospital.
Near:
     _ Jorge lives near the place where he works, so he walks to work.

_ We drove along the river, round the lake, past the old castle, and through the village.
_ We came over the bridge and parked next to the house, which was opposite the hotel.
_ Our house is between two shops and it is near a bus stop, you just go across the road and walk along the other side towards the church.
_ We took the boat across the channel, then we drove through France and into Switzerland, where we spent the first night in a small town quite near Lucerne.
_ The next morning we walked along a river which ran between two mountains. We had lunch at/in a small restaurant and then walked round the lake and through the small town of Stans, before going back.

4. Others:
+ about:
      They read about the car accident in the newspaper.
+ after:
    Tom and Sue had some ice cream after dinner.
+ against: 
       She was so tired that she had to lean against the wall.
+ before:
   Before Tom and Sue went out for dinner, they saw a movie.
+ by:
      You should try to be here by 10:00.
+ for:
    They work for a big company.
+ in back of:
   John parked his car in back of the store.
+ of:
   There are plenty of apples for everybody to have one.
+ off: 
     She got off the bus at the corner.
+ onto:
    They walked onto the airplane and sat down.
+ out: 
    A cat fell out the window, but he survived the fall.
+ through:
     Running through a waterfall is refreshing.
+ to: 
      Did you go to the store yet?
+ with:  Who did you go to movies with?
       or....With whom did you go to the movies?

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