Noun Functions

+ Noun Functions:
NF1: A Noun
NF2: A Pronoun
NF3: A Gerund
Exercising is fun (S)
I like walking in the rain with my friend (D.O)
My friend is fond of dancing (OP)
My hobby is jogging (C)

eNF1: Adjective Noun:
   This fat man, the talking man, the punished boy

Noun (NF1) + Adjective phase (Preposition + Object):
The director of this company
A child without a father
A house with no roof

NF4: A noun phase
    To VF
To speak English, To be happy, To send her a gift
I wish to speak English well

   Gerund (VF2 to VF10b)
Speaking English, being happy, sending her a gift
I regret failing the exam
   Question Word-Wh/Whether + To + VF
What to do, where to go, how to answer your questions.
We decided where to go. (we decided where we should go)
We knew which road to take. (we knew which road we should take)
Where to live, when to leave, who to invite, how to park a car, what to buy
I'd like to find out how to get to Canada.
Can you tell me which provinces to visit?
I haven't decided how long to stay there.
I'm going to ask someone what kind of clother to wear.
I don't even know who to ask.

She knows what happend here.
John told Mary which answer was correct
John remembers whose book was on the desk.
John asked Mary how many students went on the picnic.
She will explain how much money is necessary.
She remembers how much is necessary.
She knows when the plane will leave.
He can understand why Mary wants to go there.
Mary knows how difficult it is.
George knows how late the store is open.
I know how to answer your questions
I know whether to answer your questions

NF5: A noun clause
   THAT + A clause (S+ VF): A statement (ex: Which do you think is)

I believe that John is from Chicago.

I think (that) it rained yesterday.

I imagine that John is going to be late.

I know that New York is the largest city in the United States

I understand that much of New York is surrounded by water.
I guess that most of the city is on islands.
I suppose that New York is the biggest port in the United States. (tin rang)
I heard that a ship arrives or departs every twenty minutes.
I understand that approximately eight million people live in New York.
I assume that the United Nations is on the island of Manhattan. (cho rang)

Which do you think is bigger, New York or Chicago?

_ I think (that) New York is bigger.

Which do you think is more expensive/ more dangerous/ deeper/ heavier, A or B?

   IF/WHETHER + A clause (S + VF): Y/N question

Whether this behavior is unlawful, whether you like it or not

I wonder whether you like it or not

   QW + A clause (S + VF): QWs (Wh-clauses)
Where he went, what he wants, how he is, why he looks sad, when they sent us the letter
How your parent made you become a soccer player, what they enjoy doing
How he looks forward to receiving your letter.

Notes:
A preposition + an object is an adjective phrase (to make an eNF1)
A preposition + an object is also an adverb phrase (to make an eVF)
A VF + an adverb, an adverb phrase or an adverb clause is called an expanded VF (eVF)