Addition, equation & conclusion

This module will help you to review more of the important words that we use to join ideas in an essay, a verbal presentation or sometimes in everyday speech (also see page 1 - Condition - and page 9 - Contrast & comparison).

A. Put the following words and expressions into their correct place in the table depending on their function.

to sum up briefly (tổng kết ngắn gọn) • it can be concluded that (có thể kết luận rằng) • also
similarly (tương tự như vậy) • likewise (tương tự như vậy) • besides • to conclude (để kết luận) • too
in addition • in brief • in the same way • thus (như vậy)
what’s more (những gì nhiều hơn) • furthermore • moreover (hơn nữa) • along with (cùng với)
to summarise (để tóm tắt) • as well as (cũng như) • therefore • correspondingly (tương ứng)

Column #1: Addition: (For example: and)

Column #2: Equation: (For example: equally)

Column #3: Conclusion: (For example: in conclusion)

B. Complete these sentences with one of the words or expressions from above. In most cases, more than one answer is possible.

1. Tourism brings much-needed money to developing countries. ________ , it provides employment  (n-việc làm) for the local population.

2. _______ bringing much-needed money to developing countries, tourism provides employment for the local population.

3. Tourists should respect the local environment. _______ they should respect the local customs.

4. ______ industrial waste, pollution (sự ô nhiềm) from car fumes (khói xe) is poisoning (v-đầu độc) the environment.

5. In order to travel, you need a passport. ______ , you might need a visa, immunisation jabs (tiêm chủng) and written permission to visit certain areas. (khu vực nhất định nào đó)

6. Drugs are banned (v-cấm) in Britain - _______ weapons such as guns and knives.

7. All power corrupts. _______ , absolute power corrupts absolutely.

8. You shouldn’t smoke, drink, take drugs or eat unhealthy food. _________ , you should live a more healthy lifestyle.

9. The ozone layer is becoming depleted (v-cạn kiệt), the air in the cities is becoming too dirty to breathe and our seas and rivers are no longer safe to swim in. ________ pollution is slowly destroying the planet.

10. Your grades have been very poor for the past two years (trong hai năm qua). _______ you need to work really hard if you want to pass your exams next month.

Answers:

A.

Addition (For example: and):

along with

as well as

also

too

in addition

besides

what’s more

furthermore

moreover

along with (this could also go into

the next box -> )

Equation (For example: equally):

likewise

similarly

in the same way

correspondingly

Conclusion (For example: in conclusion):

to sum up briefly

it can be concluded that

to conclude

in brief

thus

to summarise

therefore

B.

1. Furthermore / Moreover / In addition / What’s more (this is less formal than the other expressions) 2. As well as / Besides 3. Likewise / Similarly / In the same way (the verbs in both sentences (i.e., respect) are the same and refer to the same thing, so we can use a word of equation here) 4. As well as / Along with 5. In addition 6. Likewise / Similarly 7. Likewise / In the same way / Correspondingly 8. In brief 9. It can be concluded that 10. Therefore

(To sum up, to conclude and to summarise are usually used to conclude longer pieces of writing. Thus is slightly more formal than therefore, but has the same meaning)

Note: It is important that you are familiar with the way these words and expressions are used, including the other words in a sentence that they ‘work’ with. Use a dictionary to look up examples of these words and expressions, and keep a record of them that you can refer to the next time you use them.