Science and Technology

1. Science
You are probably familiar with the traditional branches of science e.g chemistry, physics, botany (thực vật học) and zoology (động vật học). But what about these newer fields?
_ genetic (di truyen) engineering: the study of the artificial manipulation of the make-up of living things.
_ molecular biology: the study of the structure and function of the organic molecules associated with living organisms.
_ cybernetics: the study of the way information is moved and controlled by the brain or by machinery.
_ information technology: the study of technology related to the transfer of information (computers, digital electronics, telecommunications)
_ bioclimatology: the study of climate as it affects humans
_ geopolitics: study of the way geographical factors help to explain the basis of the power of nation states.
_ nuclear engineering: the study of the way nuclear power can be made useful.
_ cryogenics: the study of physical system at temperatures less than 183oC
_ astrophysics: the application of physical laws and theories to starts and galaxies.

Here are some of the modern inventions with we are now becoming quite used to.

The verbs in the sentences below are all useful in scientific contexts.
_ He experimented (v- thí nghiệm) with a number of different materials before finding the right one.
_ The technician pressed a button and lights started flashing. (v- léo sáng)
_ When she pulled a lever (n- đòn bẩy), the wheel began to rotate.
_ The zoologist (n- nhà động vật học) dissected (v- mổ xẻ, giải phẫu) the animal.
_ When they were combined, the two chemicals reactied violently (adv- dữ dội, mãnh liệt) with each other.
_ After analysing the problem, the physicist (n- nhà vật lý) concluded that there was a flaw in his initial hypothesis.
_ James Watt invented (v- phát minh) the steam engine (động cơ hơi nước) and Alexander Fleming, another Scot, discovered penicillin.
_ After switching on the computer, insert a floppy disc into the disc drive.
_ You must patent (v- lấy bằng sáng chế) your invention as quickly as possible.