Suffixes

1. Verb + suffix
Man nouns are formed in this way.
Verb                              Suffix        Noun
improve (=get better)  -ment improvement
manage                 -ment       management
elect                                 -ion          election
discuss (=talk about S.T seriously)  -ion   discussion
inform (=tell S.O ST)    -ation   information
organise                  -ation       organisation
jog (= running to keep fit or for pleasure)      -ing    jogging
spell                                   -ing    spelling

educate/ education
govern/ goverment
hesitate/ hesitation
arrange/ arrangement

Note: Sometimes there is a spelling change. The most common is the omission of the final "e" before the suffix -ion or -action:
translate/ translation
organise/ organisation

2. Adjective + suffix
Nouns are also formed by adding a suffix to an adjective. Two suffixes often added to adjectives to form nouns are -ness and -ity.
Adjective                        Suffix        Noun
weak (OPP strong)      -ness    weakness
happy                             -ness   happiness
dark                                -ness   darkness
stupid (OPP intelligent, clever)                       -ity   stupidity
punctual (= always arrives at the right time)  
-ity   punctuality
similar (= almost the same)                              -ity   similarity

sad/sadness
popular/ popularity

3. Pronunciation
The addition of these suffixes may change the pronunciation. Nouns ending -ion or -ity have the main stress on the syllable (am tiet) before.
Verb                      Noun
educate                 education
translate                translation
discuss                  discusstion
similar                   similarity
stupid                   stupidity
punctual                punctuality

4. -ER/-OR and -IST
These are common noun suffixes added to existing nouns or verbs, and they describe people and their jobs.
-ER                     -OR                  -IST
dancer                 actor                 artist
singer                  director             economist
murderer             translator           psychologist
framer                 operator             journalist
driver
manager
emloyer
murderer (ke giet nguoi)

Suffixes that can help you recognise the word class
-ment: (nouns) excitement, enjoyment, replacement
-ity: (nouns) flexibility, productivity, scarcity
-hood: (abstract nouns especially family terms) childhood, motherhood
-ship; (abstract nouns especially status) friendship, partnership, membership
-ive: (adjectives) passive, productive, active
-al: (adjectives) brutal, legal (nouns), refusal, arrival.
-ous: (adjectives) delicious, outrageous, furious
-ful: (adjectives) forgetful, hopeful, useful
-less; (adjectives) useless, harmless, cloudless
-ify (verbs) beautify, purify, terrify
-able (adjectives) drinkable, washable, readable, recognizable, countable