Information:
- What types of products do these brands represent?(v-đại diện) Where can people find these products? Is there anywhere that people cannot find these product? Why or why not?
- MTV is a very successful brand that many young people know and enjoy. Why is it so successful?
Global Brands:
Which brands are the most successful around the world?
Making a list of top 100 brands that are sold around the world:
- To get on the list, a brand must earn over one billion dollars and over a third of its profits must come from outside its home country.
Top Twenty Brands in 2005:
1. Coca-Cola
2. Microsoft
3. IBM
4. GE
5. Intel
6. Nokia
...
Brands like McDonald's, Mercedes Benz, and Nokia are familiar to people all over the world. They are global brands. MTV, which is further down the list at Number 48, is a global brand now.
Companies with some of the most popular international brands are finding new customers and increasing their profits with a simple idea: they create one image for their brand all over the world.
A brand has one name and one "look" wherever it is sold.
An excellent case study that shows this new way of using a brand's image internationally is SamSung, an electronics company from Korea. Less than ten years ago, Samsung was making inexpensive electronics, such as televisions and video cameras, under many different brands.
These brands were successful in their own local areas, but the different names caused problems for the company. Samsung decided to make some changes. They invested in creating better quality products and they put the same brand name, Samsung, on all of them. The company thought that if customers liked one Samsung product, they might buy another Samsung product.
Beginning in 2001, the "new" Samsung began selling high-quality cell phones and digital televisions. Soon people began to think of Samsung as a very-high brand.
As a result, in 2005, Samsung was Number 20 in Business week's list of the top 100 international brands. This statistic says it all: Samsung's profits went up 186% in 2005. For Samsung, like many other international companies, a strong "global brand" was the key to success. They're now at the top of their game and hop to stay there.
The expressions that signal the big picture of a lecture:
- Today I'm going to look at several ways that ...
- I want to discuss the cause of ....
- What I want to do is compare .... and ....
- We'll look at several reasons for ....
Hi there, everyone. It's nine o'clock, so let's go ahead and get started. What I want to talk about this morning is the history of global brands. Now why do I want to talk about the history of global brands? Shouldn't we be talking about the future? Maybe, but in business, we can't understand the future until we understand the past ... All right. I want to discuss the causes of failure of some companies who have tried to do business.
in general: usually, in most situations
result: something that happens or exists because of something else.
To sell their products in other countries, companies need to have a good business plan. If they are not prepared, the result can be very bad for the company and all of their brands. When we look at case studies, we can see that, in general, companies that have a solid business plan for international sales are more successful.
Samsung wanted to diversify (v-đa dạng hóa). That's diversify. Here's what diversify means: it means to make a larger variety of products, ... not just one type, but many types of products. So they diversified their products and then what happened? Samsung's profits began to increase. In fact, Samsung's profits went up 186% in 2005.
There are at least two ways global brands are increasing their profits. Many of the most successful international brands have one "look" all over the world.
- So, for example, we have eBay. That's the web site where people buy and sell things. eBay uses the same Web site in every country where they do business.
- Another way is to use the same advertisements in every country. Look at the company Global Banks. They started using the same ads all over the world and the value of their went up 20% in 2005.
- What are some of the statistics that show how successful MTV is around the world?
- What is MTV's business plan?
- What are the two things that MTV does in order to be successful?
- What does MTV do in order to produce programs with local talent?
Introduction:
Introduction #1: (Yes, It's definitely time to start. The clock is ticking and there's a lot of material to cover) A case study of Levi's. Did everyone get that? Levi's the international brand of blue jeans and (of course) other casual clothes. But everyone know Levi's for their jeans. Today we're going to look at several ways that Levi's has expended globally. Levi's brand is on the list of the top 100 global brands.) /livai/
Introduction #2: (Thank you for being on time ... Let's go ahead and begin.) We're going to discuss the qualities of successful international brands of food today. Now I'm talking about this because, in this day and age, we're seeing a huge increase in the number of food products available to buy. So what I want to do today is compare the business plan of Hershey's chocolate to the business plan of Lindt chocolate. (two chocolate manufactures, two chocolate companies)
Lecture:
(Let's go ahead and get the ball rolling here ... We've been discussing some of the factors related to successful international business. Today, I'd like to talk about a topic that I think you already know something about.). That is right, MTV. Maybe MTV is your favorite TV channel.
MTV, the giant music TV network. MTV is a great case study because it shows us. (it is good idea of how one company can do business all around the world with incredible (gigantic) success. So I want to do is discuss the reasons)
First of all. let's look at some of the statistics for MTV: (before we go on to analyze their business plan)
- MTV has been around for 25 years or so.
- It reaches more than one billion people around the world watching MTV. (You heard me right).
- Most of these viewers are young people between the ages of 10 and 34.
=> So, in other words, MTV is already the most popular television network in the world.
(maybe you're wondering ...)
What their business plan is for the near future.
What more could MTV want?
Their business plan is to expand their network until MTV exists everywhere in the world, until every person in the world has the ability to watch MTV. They want to be in all.
Let's talk about profits. (Here we go) in 2005, MTV brought in 5.2 billion dollars from all around the world. Let me break that down for you
- MTV is an American company in the United States.
- MTV reaches about 88 million homes, is more than 331 million homes outside the U.S in 164 countries. And you can watch it in 18 different languages.
Here's another way to say it. MTV is number 48 on the list of the top one hundred brands in the world.
So you might be wondering, "What makes MTV so successful?". Let's analyze the factors that have led to MTV's success.
- Probably the main reason for MTV's success around the world is also maybe the most interesting one. You might expect to find MTV plays the same music video and the same shows all over the world. But they don't. they play the music that is popular in each country and not just each continent.
- They show videos of local people playing local music. And along with the same lines, they produce programs that focus on the people of the culture of the country that they're in ... MTV maybe a huge, international company, but it looks local.
All right, so now we have to ask, how do these ... how does MTV do this? How do they find the local talent?
- Well, the answer is, they hire staff in each country. That means people who speak the country's language and know about the local musical performers.
- And they create local programs that show these performers. The rule at MTV is that 70% of the programs must show local performers. That's the story.
So, we can see that MTV really created a smart business plan. And what's the result?
- MTV's global market is growing 20 percent each year. I just read [ret] that they want to increase this to 40%. They have a plan, and for now it's working.
They're at the top of their game.
How we could apply these ideas, all this stuff we said today about this one company, to other kinds of international business?
- Which of the products is the most interesting to you? How do you think the company got the idea for the product?
Meet the Innovation Experts:
Meet two of today's most successful business innovation experts. What do they have in common? They both know how to think outside the box and create success after success.
- Beth Comstock, General Electric Company: GE is most famous for its electric appliances, but GE also makes jet engines, electric motors, and much more. He wanted the people in charge of creating GE products to take risks in their thinking, but always keep the goal of increasing the company's growth. To achieve this task, the CEO put Beth Comstock in charge of making GE and its 300,000 workers more creative and innovation. One of Comstock's innovations was the "dreaming workshop". In a dreaming workshop, product designers and customers come together to talk about products that now exist only in peoples's imagination.
- Sohrab Vossoughi, ZIBA Design: The field of design research is moving fast. He uses traditional product design methods but now he has a new strategy: he tries to give customers a very emotional experience when they buy the products he designs. His research led Logitech to create a variety of new headsets that helped them expand the market for their products.
1. Why did GE hire Beth Comstock?
2. How does Sohrab Vossoughi make people want to buy the products he helps to design?
3. What are the similarities between the two people described in the article?
- They are doing market research.
- They are creating an experience for the customer.
- And a third way is that they're bringing "real people" into the company and watching how they react to (v-phản ứng lại) new products.
How did companies create new products in the past?
What are two things that innovative companies today have in common?
How did Apple come up with the idea for the iPod?
How did Starbucks use innovative thinking to bring in new customers?
1. Should companies take risks when they think of new products? What are some of the possible advantages and disadvantages?
2. What kind of strategy mentioned in the lecture would you like to try? How would you use this strategy? Explain your answer in detail?
3. Is thinking outside the box always the best way to create new product designs? Why or why not? What are the possible negative effects of always thinking outside the box?
4. Look back at your notes. What was another idea in the lecture that you found important and interesting? Tell the class why you think it is important or interesting and ask for their opinions.
Introduction:
to come up with (phrv) (think of - especially an answer, a plan, a solution)
Introduction #1: software innovation
Introduction #2 : product innovation in the world of new cars (he's going to cover some of the basic developments in the history of car innovation and the he'll cover some of latest (muộn nhất) developments in European car innovation.)
Introduction #3: innovation in the food world with their packaging designs.
Lecture:
He said that in business there are many types of innovation such as product innovation, business organization innovation, and marketing innovation and other types of innovation.
Today, he will talk about product innovation. so that mean how business come up with ideas for new products:
- First, we'll talk about innovation in the 21st century in general.
- Then I'll tell you about some qualities that successful innovations share and give you two good examples.
In the past, businesses got a lot of their new ideas because something they did was a surprise or a mistake. Innovation, they didn't plan. it was just luck.
- Times have changed in the 21st century, it's not enough for companies to depend on luck to develop new products and to compete (v-cạnh tranh) successfully in the global markets.
- In fact, the research show us that the best company make innovation a large part of their business. That means they spend a lot of their money on innovation.
That is exactly the opposite of waiting for luck to happen, right?
Now ... He want to point out one thing that these innovative companies have in common, one thing that they all have, and that is "Courage".
Courage and explain more:
What I'm saying is these companies aren't afraid to take risks. These companies are constantly trying new ideas, even though they know that many of their ideas are going to fail, the business experts say that these companies "make their own luck". (They make their own luck. They are risk-takers, to put it simply.
For example:
Let's take a look at a couple of successful, innovative companies, meaning companies that are creating new products and are doing well.
+ Apple computer:
A few years ago, they come up with the idea to make a totally new product, a digital music player that was small and easy to use - the iPod.
Steve Jobs realized it wasn't enough to create a fun little machine for music. People still need a reason to buy it. So he asked his company to think outside the box. He wanted his people to come up with a way for customers to use this little machine to get music out of their computer and the Internet.
At the time, everybody said this was impossible, impossible, because no body had ever done before. Apple got to work and solved all the technical and legal problems.
Today, the iPod earns over one billion dollars a year for Apple.
=> It's that courage to take a risk and try something completely new. (a first important characteristic of today's innovative companies)
+ Starbucks: The coffee chain - 10,000 stores around the world.
Starbucks was looking for a way to get new customers, and they wanted a way to make customers stay in the store longer. And what else? spend more money. That's when they started thinking outside of the box.
They realized that their stores could be more than a place where people buy a cup of coffee. They thought about what people do in their free time, and they realized that people spend a lot of time on the Internet. So they started to provide wireless Internet service in their coffee shops. Right? They even have some Starbucks where you can download music to your computer.
I've got to point out that Starbucks can't say for sure that their profits went up after this changes. but they did find out that customer who use the Internet at Starbucks stay in the store nine times longer than customers who just drink coffee there. So probably, they spend more money at Starbucks, too.
=>It's an example of how a totally new idea can change a business. In this case, they thought of a product in a new, a strange way. A way no one had ever thought about.
We've run out of time. So, let's pick up tomorrow.
+ Information:
- The pace of life in different places around the world
+ Build background knowledge:
Answer the questions in the survey to find out about your personal pace of life.
What is you relationship with time?
- Do you frequently look at your watch or a clock/
- Do you always know the time and what day of the week it is?
- Are you often the first person finished eating at the table?
- Do you sometimes skip meals or eat them very quickly?
- Do you walk faster than most people?
- When driving in traffic, do you get annoyed when drivers move slowly?
- Do you get more annoyed than most people if you have to wait in line for more than a couple of minutes at the bank or a store?
if you answered "yes" to most of the questions above, you tend to live life at a hurried pace.
if you answered "no" to most of the questions above, you tend to live life at a more relaxed pace.
- Compare your answers, are you similar or different? How would you describe your pace of life? Give examples to explain your answer.
- Which is better, a hurried or relaxed pace of life? Why?
The article from health magazine about each person's unique pace of life:
Are you a slow person or a fast person? Do you like to stay busy, or do you enjoy doing nothing sometimes? Do you prefer the highway or country roads?
We all know that the pace of life is different in different places and cultures. The pace of life help to form this general impression.
There are also big differences in pace between individuals, even individuals within the same culture living in same town. Next-door neighbors can experience life at completely different paces.
Researchers want to get an accurate idea about why individuals have different ideas about time and pace of life. To study this, they look at people's ideas of "time urgency".
Time urgency is the effort a person makes to achieve as much as possible in a given amount of time.
Everyone has his or her own sense of time urgency.
Some people feel the need to try to achieve a lot, while other people have the tendency (n) to set their goals lower and achieve less.
The speed that they feel at their workplace.
The level of activity they prefer in their own lives.
The level of activity they prefer in the environment around them.
To assess (v-quyet dinh, an dinh)/make decision the pace of your own life, ask yourself.
- What does "time urgency" mean?
- What are three locations that people consider when thinking about the pace of their lives?
- According to the researchers, which is better, a fast or slow pace of life?
The definition of the word:
Culture is the art, beliefs (lòng tin, đức tin), behavior, and ideas a society or group of people.
Pace is speed at which something happens.
The atmosphere of a place is the amount of air the place gives you.
If information is accurate, it is almost correct.
To achieve something means that you succeed in doing it as a result of your actions.
To have your own sense of a situation means that you have your own specific information about it.
To have a tendency toward doing something means that you always do it.
To access something means that you make a judgment after thinking carefully about it.
analyze: to examine or think about something carefully in order to understand it.
characteristic: a special quality or feature that someone or something has
compare: to examine two or more thinks in order to show how they are similar and different.
factor: a fact or situation that influences or causes a situation.
significant: noticeable or important
tend to: to be likely to do a particular thing.
to guarantee: people were guaranteed a job. This guarantee of a job resulted in some people working and living at a more leisurely pace.
to resulted in: resulted in some people working and living at a more leisurely pace.
how vacation time: (time away from work) ... varies in (v-thay đổi, biến đổi) different parts of the world.
(In France, workers get five to six weeks of paid vacation. Sweden has the most vacation time of a European country at eight weeks. In the United States, vacation time for most workers is limited to two weeks. In Japan, three weeks is offered, but reports show that only half of this time is actually used. For example, in 1990 in Japan, 15.5 days of vacation were given, but only 8.2 days on average were taken,)
Lecture: The Pace of a Place (to differ in differences)
We've been looking at behavior of people, and especially looking at how their behavior is affected by the place they live in.
He'd like to talk about a study that was done to measure the pace of life. The study compares different cities around the world and asks the question, "How and why do different places in the world have different paces of life".
As you probably know, paces tends (v) to be part of how describe the atmosphere of the place. If you've traveled or read about life in different places, you'll know that pace of life differs in (v-khác về) different cultures and place. But why are some places "faster" than others? what exactly are the factors that made up the differences in pace of life?
Before we discuss this question. He make sure that we all have the same idea about the meaning of "pace of life". By pace of life, it mean the speed at which life is lived or business is carried out. (vph-được thực hiện)
What specify characteristics of places and cultures make them slow or fast?
A professor: Rober Levine (one social psychologist), created study to allow research to analyze some data, some numbers, that could accurately define the pace of life of places. He want to know the answer to this question "What make a place have a low or fast pace?"
Here's how he and his researches went about it (vph-bắt đầu làm it) ? they analyzed and compared 31 different cities around the world.
They look at 03 different factors:
- What is the average walking speed of the place?: To measure that, he randomly selected people both men and women, and watch speed at which they walked in crowded, downtown areas. (distance is 60 feet, or about 20 meters)
- Second, he look at speed in the work place: he went to post office all around the world. He measure how long it took a postal clerk to sell someone a stamp? He measure the time that passed between the clerk received the money and the customer received the stamp.* (how much time that took)
- The third thing, he looked at was how interested a place was keeping accurate time on clocks. the researchers went to 15 randomly chosen banks, and looked at their clocks. Then they compared the time on these clocks to the time reported by the phone (telecom) company. (time of day). That time is considered to be very accurate.
The researchers looked at these factors during the workday in 31 different cities around the world to get a specific idea of pace.
By looking at these factors the researchers came up with a rating of overall pace of life - the overall sense of time urgency.
Let's look at a few highlights from this survey: The survey was conducted in the late 1990s, so there may be some changes from what we would find in the same countries today.
In the "fastest" category. the first place with high ranking in all three areas: (their clock accuracy ranked (v-xếp hạng) first)
1st Switzerland
2nd Ireland
3th Germany
4th Japan
These top four countries were all very similar.
Places where life is slow. The slowest countries were all non-industrialized countries, meaning there is not much industry:
Middle East: Syria
Asia: Indonesia
Latin America: El Salvador, Brazil and Mexico.
What are the common factors in the countries at the top, and those at the bottom, of the list? For these experiments and other studies, the researchers found five main factors that affect the pace of life in cultures around the world.
- Vital [vail-sống còn adj] economies-lots of money changing hands: People tend to move faster in places with vital economies.
- A high degree of industrialization-lots of companies
- Larger populations-many, many people
- Cooler climates, not the hot ones
- Cultures that value individualism, versus valuing group. (prep chống, đấu với)
Interesting, don't you think? Unfortunately, we can't get into this discussion now. We'll talk about these details in the next class, All right?.
- Decide on three things to observe that will give you information about the pace of life. For example, you might consider the pace of the service in ... how fast people walk to ... and the accuracy of clocks in ...
- Make a chart that show your study criteria and the results.
- Discuss the results in your group. Make three to five general conclusions.
- Share your conclusions with the other groups. Did you reach the same conclusions? if not, why not?
+ Lecture goals or Chapter goals
- Learn about the expectations of college professors.
- Learn general academic words that professors in every field use in their lectures.
- Learn a Note-taking Strategy: Write down the most important words in a lectures.
- Learn a Discussion Strategy: Show interest during a discussion.
+ Syllabus:
Objectives: .... is the study of the way people think, feel, and behave in social situations. The purpose of this course is to:
- teach students the basic principles of social psychology.
- show the importance of social psychology.
- prepare students for further study in social psychology.
General Information
Textbooks
Requirements and Assignments
- 4 exams on lectures and reading assignments.
- 1 class presentation
- 2 one-page opinion papers.
- Attendance (this includes how much you participate in class discussion.)
Grading policy
- Course components
- Quizzes
- Midterm/Final exam
- Papers and presentation
- Attendance
Expectations
- Attend class regularly.
- Do the reading assignments.
- Turn/hand in assignments when they are due (on or before due date).
- Do your own work.
- Participate in discussions: Share your ideas and listen to other students' ideas.
- Contact me if you have any problems or questions.
1. What will the students learn in this course?
2. What is the grading policy for this course?
3. What does attendance include?
The students of a class talking about a topic related to their classwork.
Which of expectation would be new and maybe difficult for you?
Why do you think she has done that?
Learning Strategy: (Review what you know) it is easier to take in new information when you already know something about the topic. Lecture contain a lot of new information that you will need to take in quickly. Before a lecture, think about what you already know about the topic. This will help your mind to receive the new information and remember it.
Listening Strategy: (Prepare to listen and take notes, Learn general academic words) There are many general academic words that professors use to talk about ideas in their lectures. These words can be used in any field of study - science, humanities, business, art. Learn the general academic words that professors use to talk about the ideas in their lectures. This will help you focus on the specific information that they are trying to give the class.
Note-taking Strategy: (Write down the most important words) It's not possible to write as fast as professor speaks. During a lecture, you do not have time to write down every word the professor say. You should only write down the words that have the most meaning in the lecture.
Predict: To help you get ready to learn new information and listen more actively, think about what the professor might discuss in the lecture. Think about everything you already know about the topic and make a prediction about what the professor will discuss.
What do you expect to learn more about in the lecture?
Write three predictions below. Compare your predictions with a partner.
How well were you able to understand the lecture?
_ I was able to understand all the ideas in the lecture.
_ I was able to understand most of the ideas in the lecture.
_ I was able to understand only a few of the ideas in the lecture.
What will the students study in this course?
What will the professor do in the lectures?
What does the professor want the students to do during the discussion?
What are the two parts of attendance?
Assess Your Notes: During a lecture, you might miss an important piece of information that the professor gives, such as a word, definition, or idea. To check that your notes are complete, compare your notes with classmates in a study group after the lecture.
Discuss the Issues: (Show interest during a discussion) Your professor will often ask you to discuss the ideas in a lecture with a group of students in the classroom. During these discussions, professors expect students to participate actively. Active participation includes paying attention and letting person who is speaking know that you are interested. Use actions and expressions to show that you are interested and paying attention when other students speak during the discussion.
Make eye contact with the speaker.
Nod your head when something is important or when you want to show that you understand or agree.
Write down an idea you think is interesting or important.
The list of expression, words, and phrases for showing interest during a group discussion: Uh huh, Hmm, That's interesting. Wow, I get it, I see.
_ Do you prefer taking courses that have 75 or more students in them, or do you prefer courses with fewer students? Why?
_ Is it better to sit in the front of the classroom during a lecture or in the back? Why?
_ The professor says that some class time will be used for discussions. How do you feel about spending time in class discussing ideas with the professor and with classmates?
_ Why do you think professors want students to contribute their own ideas and opinions?
_ Imagine you were a student in the class you saw in the lecture. What would be difficult for you? What would be easy for you?
_ Look back at your notes. What was another idea in the lecture that you found important and interesting? Tell the class why you think it is important or interesting and risk for their opinions.
Lecture:
affect - The amount of time you study can affect your grade on a test.
consists of - Participation consists of sharing ideas and listening to others.
aspect - One aspect of studying in a university is doing homework.
pointed out - The professor pointed out that many people have never studied social psychology.
research - Students can use the Internet to do their own research on a topic.
theories - In this class, students study two different theories that try to explain how people behave.
_ I'm going to give you some information about what we will study and how we will study it. (or the course requirements)
_ I want to talk briefly about the field of social psychology.
_ We are going to look at people in social situations.
_ So what does that mean? That means, how people interact with other people. That's the simplest way to explain this course.
About Introduction of social psychology, She give you information what will we study and how will we study.
The main objective (before I go any further, let me make one point very clear) of this course it help you become more interested in the field of social psychology, and to prepare you for more studies in this field.
Look at syllabus (she think by now everyone has had a chance to have a look at the syllabus). You saw it on her website, she expect a lot from you in this social psychology class. She will go over the syllabus now.
About reading, she'll assign new readings each class period and reading assignment come from the textbook. you should complete this assigned readings by the date she give you.
Now, the lectures. During the lecture she's going to expand on the ideas that you read about in your textbook (So, for example, explain S.T, give you another example that wasn't in the reading). Her lectures will also include information that won't see in the readings.
Discussions: it is important aspect of this course. During discussion, she will welcome your questions and comments anytime you want to say something. You should feel free to contribute your own ideas and your own opinions. For this to work, you have to be willing to let the other students do the same. ... meaning that we all listen to each other. All of us. That's the deal in here.
And by the way, you don't have to agree with me. These discussion should show how you think about ideas in the readings and ideas you hear in the lectures and discussions, and also what you think about them.
What about your grade? Your grade consist mostly of quizzes and exams.
For quizzes: you'll be able to use your lecture notes, so attending class and taking good notes is going to be the key to your success.
For exams: will not be able to use your notes. No notes for exams.
She'll explain about the class presentation and the two opinion papers later in the semester. (we don't need to get into that right now)
Attendance (a big component in this class) means you have to attend class regularly, but not just come to class. You have to participate in class discussions. Whatever it is, is going to affect your grade.
At the end, her expectation are that you come to class, turn your work in when it's due, share your idea, listen to others and do the readings, and you will do fine in this class.
There's your first reading assignment - chapter one.
Reference form: http://linguapress.com/grammar/points/such.htm
- Such expresses a degree with the general meaning of so or so much
- Such expresses similarity with the meaning of similar or of that kind
- Such as introduces an example or examples, with the general meaning of like or for example
1. Such as an adjective.
Used as an adjective, such either expresses a comparison of degree (level) or similarity.However, unlike normal adjectives, it is never used in conjunction with determiners (articles, demonstratives, possessives) except for the indefinite article a / an .As long as there is no determiner its usage is simple and normal: such is used attributively (i.e. in front of the noun) just like other adjectives.
Examples :
= There was so much confusion (degree)
They are such good friends / They are such friends.
= They are very good friends (degree)
Such people always amuse me.
= People like that always amuse me / Similar people..... (similarity)
Examples :
= either such a big mistake (degree) or a similar mistake (similarity)
Such a good idea (not a such good idea) - such + {adjective + noun}
= a very good idea (degree)
Such an idea (not a such idea) such + noun
= an idea of that nature, a similar idea (similarity)
Such or so?
When used with an {adjective+noun} group, such and so are synonyms, but there is no choice. Such is required when the adjective is used attributively; so is required when it is used predicatively. Compare these contrasting pairs:Examples :
Such friendly people are good to know / It's good to know people who are sofriendly.
It is not possible to say: it was a so good idea.It is not possible to say: It is good to know people who are such friendly
2. Such followed by a subordinate "that clause"
When such is used as an attributive adjective of degree, it may serve to introduce a subordinate that clause of consequence.Occasionally, such can stand at the start of the main clause, but this is not a common structure
Examples :
They progressed with such speed, that they finished two hours early.
This is such a good book, that I'm going to finish it by this evening.
There's such a long queue, that I'm not going to wait.
Such is the tension, that even the police are nervous.
Such was the confusion at the entrance, that several people got in without paying.
3. Such as a preposition
Such , by itself, is never used as a preposition: in prepositional use, it is part of the expression such as. It introduces an example or list of examples expanding or explaining the antecedent.Examples :
I visited several cities in America, such as New York, Boston and San Diego.
You should read classics such as Harry Potter before you are 15.
Drinks such as sugary colas are among the major causes of obesity in children.
Such as or like
Such as is used to introduce examples or lists of examples following a category word.. In the sentences above "New York, Boston and San Diego" are part of the category cities, and "sugary colas" are part of the category drinks.Like is sometimes used in the same way : however like is more correctly used to express similarity rather than examples.
Examples :
means : I saw several "people looking like Elvis", not "people" including Elvis..
Houses like Buckingham Palace are hard to find in the United States.
Clearly, since Buckingham Palace is not in the USA, "houses like Buckingham Palace" must mean houses similar to, and not houses including
The transition words and phrases have been assigned only once to somewhat artificial categories, although some words belong to more than one category.
Including 8 groups are as following:
1. Agreement / Addition / Similarity
2. Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction
3. Cause / Condition / Purpose
4. Examples / Support / Emphasis
5. Effect / Consequence / Result
6. Conclusion / Summary / Restatement
7. Time / Chronology / Sequence
8. Space / Location / Place
More information:
We use the acronym FANBOYS to remember the coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) which NEVER begin a sentence! Transition words begin sentences.
Coordinating Conjuntions (inside a sentence) (1)
Meaning | ( 1 ) | ( 2 ) | ( 3 ) |
addition
|
and
|
in addition, additionally, moreover, furthermore
| |
cause/result
|
so
|
if, when
|
therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, consequently
|
choice
|
or, nor
|
instead, on the other hand
| |
similarities
|
by comparison, similarly, likewise
| ||
concession
|
yet
|
although, even though
|
nevertheless
|
condition
|
if, unless, even if
| ||
opposites
|
but
|
whereas, while
|
however, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast
|
emphasis
|
in fact, undoubtedly, indeed
| ||
example
|
for example, as an example, for instance, as an illustration
| ||
conclusion
|
in conclusion, after all, all in all, finally, overall, in summary
| ||
time
|
before, after, until, when, while, since
|
then, next, later, earlier
|
